What is TOTAL SURVEY ERROR? What does TOTAL SURVEY ERROR mean? TOTAL SURVEY ERROR meaning

ERRORS IN SURVEYING * Accuracy is defined as correctness/degree of perfection in reaching an intended target. * Precision is the degree of perfection used in instruments and the method of observations and calculations. * Types of errors creeping in surveying are: 1. Mistakes 2. Systematic/cumulative errors 3. Accidental/compensating errors * The sources of errors are: 1. Instrumental 2. Natural 3. Human limitations 4. Carelessness * Though accidental errors are unpredictable, the following features are found: 1. Positive and negative errors will occur with equal frequency 2. Small errors occur more frequently 3. Very large errors do not occur * Principles of least square is applicable to normal distribution. 1. Standard deviation s = ± 2. Probable error of single observation = ± 0.6745 3. Most probable error of mean = ± 0.6745 4. Maximum error = ± 3.29 s where n = the number of observations v = difference between any single observation and the mean * If the relationship between compute...